NAME

docs/debugger.pod - The Parrot Debugger

ABSTRACT

This document describes pdb, the Parrot Debugger.

DESCRIPTION

Starting from version 0.0.6 Parrot has its own debugger, which is modeled after Perl's one. Its name is pdb, and is an interactive environment that let you step through bytecode, set breakpoints, evaluate assembly instructions and peek at the interpreter status.

A good (well, at least some) knowledge of the Parrot internals is obviously required to read this document. Some familiarity with debugging principles is also mandatory beyond this point.

BUILDING pdb

The debugger is not built with Parrot, but you should make it with its specific target:

  make pdb

(where make is the same make incarnation you used to build Parrot).

If everything goes well, you should come up with a pdb executable in the same directory as the Parrot program.

THE DEBUGGER SHELL

To start the debugger type:

  pdb file.pbc

That is, pdb takes exactly one argument, which is the Parrot bytecode that you're going to debug. pdb will automatically load and disassemble the bytecode file for you.

Note that you can't pass command line arguments to your program when you invoke the debugger. See the run (r) command below for this.

After the version banner, you'll see the friendly debugger prompt:

  (pdb)

pdb is ready to receive commands and give output. To list the available commands type 'h'. To quit the debugger type 'q'.

As with the Perl debugger, whenever it halts and shows you a line of code, it is always the line it's about to execute, not the one that it has just executed.

DEBUGGER COMMANDS

Always remember that you can enter 'h' to get a list of commands (this document may be outdated in respect to the actual debugger, so let it speak for itself).

Most commands can be shortened to their first letter. When available, this is signaled by the letter in parentheses after the command name Thus, help (h) means that the command can be given as 'help' or just 'h'. On the other hand, load can only be given as 'load', verbatim. And the debugger is case sensitive.

A blank line always repeats the last command entered.

Also note that at this point in its development, pdb has very poor error checking on commands and their arguments, so type carefully or something bad will happen. Feel free to report bugs, or better yet patch the source code (see "FILES" below).

disassemble

Disassemble a loaded bytecode file. This will turn a file loaded with load into proper Parrot assembler.

load

Load a source code (assembler) file. The syntax is:

  load FILE

list (l)

List the source code. The syntax is:

  list [FROM] [NUM]

Both arguments are optional. By default FROM is from where the last list command ended (or the first line if this is the first invocation) and NUM is 10. That is, it lists the source code ten lines at a time.

Note that the disassembled source code is not the same as the original source code: labels take the names L1 .. Ln and opcodes are fully qualified (eg. set_i_ic instead of just set). See also eval (e).

Example:

  # lists the first three source code lines
  (pdb) l 1 3
  1  set_i_ic I1,0
  2  L3:  print_sc "fact of "
  3  print_i I1

run (r)

Run (or restart) the program. The syntax is:

  run [ARGUMENTS]

Any arguments you give are passed as command line arguments to the program (ie. they populate P0).

After the program has ended, you can run it again with this command. See also the continue (c) command.

Example:

  (pdb) r
  Restarting
  fact of 0 is: 1
  fact of 1 is: 1
  fact of 2 is: 2
  fact of 3 is: 6
  fact of 4 is: 24
  fact of 5 is: 120
  fact of 6 is: 720
  Program exited.

break (b)

Add a breakpoint. The syntax is:

  b LINE [if CONDITION]

If you want a conditional breakpoint you should first specify the register that is involved in the condition (at least one must be), the comparison and then the third argument can be either another register or a constant, which must be of the same type as the first register specified.

The command returns a number which is the breakpoint identifier. You should note this number for the delete (d) command (see below).

Example:

  # sets a breakpoint on line 10 (will be breakpoint 0)
  (pdb) b 10
  Breakpoint 0 at line 10

  # another breakpoint on line 11 (will be breakpoint 1)
  (pdb) b 11
  Breakpoint 1 at line 11

  # break at line 4 if I16 is less than or equal to 123456
  (pdb) b 4 if I16 <= 123456
  Breakpoint 2 at line 4

  # break at line 4 if N27 is greater than 5.23
  (pdb) b 5 if N27 > 5.23
  Breakpoint 3 at line 5

  # break at line 4 if S2 is equal to S13
  (pdb) b 6 if S2 == S13
  Breakpoint 4 at line 6

  # break at line 4 if S5 is equal to "stop"
  (pdb) b 7 if S2 == "stop"
  Breakpoint 5 at line 7

watch (w)

Add a watchpoint. The syntax is:

  w CONDITION

The condition has the same format as in break

delete (d)

Delete a breakpoint. The syntax is:

  d NUM

The NUM argument is the breakpoint number (from 0 to N) as emitted by the break (b) command. It is NOT the line that has the breakpoint.

Example:

  # delete the first breakpoint (was on line 10, see example above)
  (pdb) d 0

disable

Disable a breakpoint. The syntax is the same as for the delete command. Disabled breakpoints can be re-enabled with enable.

enable

Re-enable a disabled breakpoint. The syntax is:

  enable [NUM]

where NUM is the number of the breakpoint.

continue (c)

Continue the program execution. The syntax of this command is:

  continue [NUM]

Without arguments, the command just runs the source code until a breakpoint is found (or until the end of the program).

If you specify a number, it will skip the next NUM breakpoints it encounters.

When the program has ended, continue will do nothing. Use run (r) to execute it again.

next (n)

Run the next instruction. The syntax is:

  next [NUM]

NUM defaults to 1, but you can give a number of instructions to execute before stopping again.

eval (e)

Run an instruction. The syntax is:

  eval INSTRUCTION

Example:

  (pdb) e set I0, 42

  (pdb) e print I0
  42

  (pdb) p i
  I0 =           42
  I1 =            0
  ...

trace (t)

Trace the next instruction. The syntax is:

  trace [NUM]

It executes the next NUM instructions (default is 1) just as next (n) does, but printing additional trace information. This is the same as the information you get when running Parrot with the -t option.

Example:

  # executes 2 instructions and trace them
  (pdb) t 2
  PC=0; OP=67 (set_i_ic); ARGS=(I1=0, 0)
  PC=3; OP=24 (print_sc); ARGS=("fact of ")
  fact of
  3  print_i I1

print (p)

Print the interpreter registers. The syntax is:

  print VALUE

VALUE may be:

A register name: I3

Prints out the single register specified.

A register type: i, n, s, or p

Prints out all registers of the given type

An aggregate key: P0[1]

Looks up the given (integer- or string-valued) key in a PMC register.

For PMC registers, the command will print the number, the class of the PMC (in square brackets) and its string representation (when available). It prints <null pmc> for uninitialized PMC registers.

Example:

  # prints the content of I2
  (pdb) p i2
  Integer Registers:
  I2 =              0

  # prints the content of P0
  (pdb) p P0
  PMC Registers:
  P0 = [PerlArray]

  # prints the content of all string registers
  (pdb) p s
  String Registers:
   0 =
          Buflen  =                  4
          Flags   =                  0
          Bufused =                  4
          Strlen  =                  4
          Offset  =                  0
          String  =       Just
   1 =
          Buflen  =                  8
          Flags   =                  0
          Bufused =                  7
          Strlen  =                  7
          String  =       another
   2 =
          Buflen  =                  8
          Flags   =                  0
          Bufused =                  6
          Strlen  =                  6
          String  =       Parrot
   3 =
          Buflen  =                  8
          Flags   =                  0
          Bufused =                  6
          Strlen  =                  6
          String  =       hacker
   4 =
   5 =
   6 =
   7 =
   8 =
   # ... and so on

stack (s)

Examine the stack. The syntax is:

  stack TYPE [NUM]
  stack NUM

The first form prints entries from the register stacks (eg. results from push_i, push_n, push_s and push_p). For the meaning of TYPE see the print (p) command. The NUM argument is the frame number (defaults to 0). The whole frame (0..31) is printed out.

The second form prints a single entry (NUM) from the generic stack (eg. results from save), prepending the type of the entry on output.

Example:

  # prints the value on top of the generic stack
  (pdb) s 0
  Integer =             42

  # prints the first integer register stack frame
  (pdb) s i
  Integer stack, frame 0, depth 0
  Integer Registers:
   0 =              0
   1 =              0
   2 =              0
   3 =              0
   4 =              0
   5 =              0
   6 =              0
   7 =              0
   8 =              0
   # ... and so on

info

Print interpreter information.

Example:

  (pdb) info
  Total memory allocated = 81936
  DOD runs = 6
  Collect runs = 0
  Active PMCs = 8197
  Active buffers = 7
  Total PMCs = 21840
  Total buffers = 48
  Header allocations since last collect = 0
  Memory allocations since last collect = 2

quit (q)

Exit the debugger.

help (h)

Prints information about debugger commands. The syntax is:

  help [COMMAND]

If COMMAND is omitted, prints a list of the available commands.

FILES

src/pdb.c

This is the file that will produce the executable. Nothing fancy here, only the main function.

src/debug.c

Most of the debugger is implemented here. You may want to start from the PDB_run_command function and go down from there for the real meat.

src/embed.c

Parrot_debug, the function which launches the debugger, is implemented here.

include/parrot/debug.h

This defines all the PDB structures, which hold data used by the debugger.

HISTORY

Version 1.0

First version (SVN debug.c revision 1.24), authored by Aldo Calpini